耕地資源動態變化與糧食生產關系探析發表時間:2022-01-07 08:51 引言:維(wei)(wei)護保養糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)最(zui)先要確保糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)本上自(zi)給(gei)自(zi)足,確保糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)本上自(zi)給(gei)自(zi)足水平的先決條件是平穩糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生產(chan)量。在中國人口眾多的大(da)環境下,糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)自(zi)始(shi)至終是不可(ke)忽視的核心問題。糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生產(chan)制造的壓(ya)根在耕地,處理糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)的問題便是怎(zen)樣維(wei)(wei)護耕地的問題。根據對在我國耕地和(he)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現況開展剖析(xi),從彼此之間(jian)的變化規(gui)律關聯下手,明(ming)確提(ti)出了維(wei)(wei)護耕地和(he)平穩糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)生產(chan)的提(ti)議和(he)防范(fan)措(cuo)施。 關鍵(jian)字:耕地資源;耕地品質;糧食生產制(zhi)造(zao);糧食構(gou)造(zao) 1在我國耕地(di)資源基(ji)本(ben)情況 1.1在我國耕(geng)地資源的現況 1.1.1耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)呈下降趨(qu)(qu)勢(shi)盡(jin)管(guan)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)幅員(yuan)遼(liao)闊(kuo),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐富多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)彩,可是(shi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)見(jian)山坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)丘陵(ling)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形,耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)僅占土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)12.5%。再再加(jia)上(shang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)人口非常(chang)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo),平均(jun)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)擁(yong)有(you)量遠遠地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)小于(yu)全球平均(jun)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)擁(yong)有(you)量的(de)(de)平均(jun)。據《2017中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)礦產(chan)海洋資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)統(tong)計(ji)公報》得知,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)增加(jia)量遠小于(yu)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)減輕(qing)(qing),耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)整(zheng)體呈下降趨(qu)(qu)勢(shi)。截止到2016年,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為13492.09萬(wan)(wan)hm2,對(dui)比(bi)2015年耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)凈降低7.69萬(wan)(wan)hm2,與2012年對(dui)比(bi)降低了24.75萬(wan)(wan)hm2,每(mei)一年約(yue)以5萬(wan)(wan)hm2的(de)(de)速率在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)降低。依照這一降速,守(shou)好(hao)“18億(yi)畝耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)底線”這一每(mei)日任務(wu)非常(chang)艱(jian)辛。1.1.2耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)品(pin)質令(ling)人擔憂(you),耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)聚合運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)水準不(bu)高因(yin)為在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)農戶運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)時存有(you)“器重(zhong)輕(qing)(qing)養,重(zhong)產(chan)出率輕(qing)(qing)資(zi)金投入,重(zhong)肥料輕(qing)(qing)有(you)機肥料”的(de)(de)觀念,且意(yi)識固步(bu)自(zi)封(feng),長期性不(bu)科學(xue)應用(yong)(yong)肥料、化(hua)肥,造成現(xian)階段在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下降發(fa)(fa)展趨(qu)(qu)勢(shi)比(bi)較嚴(yan)重(zhong)。再加(jia)之遭受大城市工業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)規模(mo)性排(pai)出“三廢(fei)”和城鎮環境污(wu)(wu)染(ran)的(de)(de)雙(shuang)向危(wei)害,很多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)層被環境污(wu)(wu)染(ran),污(wu)(wu)染(ran)由(you)單一擴展為多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)元(yuan)化(hua)。除此之外,因(yin)為土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)侵(qin)蝕(shi)、鹽(yan)堿化(hua)等緣故造成耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)衰(shuai)退日趨(qu)(qu)比(bi)較嚴(yan)重(zhong)[1],在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)產(chan)品(pin)質量問題(ti)令(ling)人擔憂(you)。1.2.3耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)儲備資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)匱乏(fa)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)儲備資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)十分(fen)稀有(you),集中(zhong)化(hua)聯片的(de)(de)儲備耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)僅占總體的(de)(de)40%上(shang)下,分(fen)散化(hua)零碎的(de)(de)儲備資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占絕大多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)數,且多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)遍(bian)布在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)大西北落后地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu),而在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)東部地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)沿(yan)海地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)比(bi)較發(fa)(fa)達地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu)卻很缺(que)乏(fa)。此外,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)有(you)著數千年的(de)(de)農牧業(ye)文化(hua)史,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)制(zhi)造標準好(hao)的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)絕大多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)數已(yi)經被開(kai)荒運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)。可供綜合利用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)達標儲備資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)十分(fen)比(bi)較有(you)限,許多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境保(bao)護敏感的(de)(de)邊沿(yan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu)。 1.2耕地的必要性 人是(shi)鐵飯(fan)是(shi)鋼,食以農(nong)為源,農(nong)以地為本,耕地是(shi)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵媒介。據相關(guan)(guan)部門(men)估計,耕地提供人們(men)88%的(de)(de)食品和別的(de)(de)日(ri)常生(sheng)活用品,農(nong)戶絕大(da)多(duo)數的(de)(de)資金收益來自耕地,但(dan)占有耕地狀(zhuang)況(kuang)、社(she)會發展無(wu)業(ye)(ye)增加毫無(wu)疑(yi)問加劇了社(she)會發展壓(ya)力。耕地不但(dan)是(shi)農(nong)牧業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵生(sheng)產制造資源,也(ye)是(shi)人民生(sheng)活安定和睦的(de)(de)確保。 2在(zai)我國糧食生產(chan)制造基本情況(kuang) 2.1糧(liang)食生產量穩步增(zeng)長 2012—2015年(nian)(nian),在我(wo)國(guo)(guo)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)總(zong)(zong)產值(zhi)一直維持持續提高的趨勢(shi)。2015年(nian)(nian)在我(wo)國(guo)(guo)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)總(zong)(zong)產值(zhi)達(da)6214.35億(yi)(yi)kg,是1949年(nian)(nian)總(zong)(zong)產量(liang)(1131.8億(yi)(yi)kg)的近6倍,遠遠地(di)超出了中國(guo)(guo)人口的增速(su)。可是,2016年(nian)(nian)在我(wo)國(guo)(guo)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)總(zong)(zong)產值(zhi)為6162.4億(yi)(yi)kg,對比2015年(nian)(nian)降低52.0億(yi)(yi)kg,減少(shao)了0.8%。從2015年(nian)(nian)迄今,在我(wo)國(guo)(guo)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)總(zong)(zong)產值(zhi)均(jun)維持在6000億(yi)(yi)kg的水準以上。預估2021年(nian)(nian)仍是大豐收。 2.2糧(liang)食構造失調結構型產能過剩顯著 在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)糧食生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)制造(zao)的(de)整體(ti)大(da)(da)環境是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)年年飆升(sheng),可(ke)是(shi)(shi)近些年糧食構(gou)造(zao)比例失(shi)調愈漸比較嚴重。苞米、水稻結構(gou)型產(chan)(chan)能過剩問(wen)題日(ri)趨突顯,高質量(liang)的(de)麥(mai)子、黃豆等(deng)緊俏。近年來,在(zai)(zai)中共中央的(de)領導干部下,在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)是(shi)(shi)社(she)會經(jing)濟發展獲得(de)明顯成(cheng)果。在(zai)(zai)那樣的(de)大(da)(da)題材(cai)下,在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)已基本上(shang)解決了吃飽穿暖問(wen)題。伴隨(sui)著生(sheng)活水平不(bu)斷提升(sheng),大(da)(da)家(jia)對糧食的(de)傳統(tong)式消費觀(guan)發生(sheng)了質的(de)變(bian)化,城鎮居(ju)民的(de)糧食消費觀(guan)念持續更新(xin),是(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)“吃得(de)好(hao)”變(bian)成(cheng)社(she)會發展熱點話題。例如新(xin)冠肺炎肺炎疫情期內,很多人家(jia)居(ju)手工制作蛋糕(gao)烘焙,弱筋、強筋壯骨麥(mai)子等(deng)銷(xiao)售總額(e)大(da)(da)幅度(du)提升(sheng)。可(ke)是(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)糧食庫存(cun)量(liang)很絕大(da)(da)多數為(wei)普通(tong)小麥(mai)種類。這種糧食種類不(bu)符世界各國(guo)的(de)市場的(de)需求(qiu),造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)不(bu)良(liang)影響是(shi)(shi)滯銷(xiao)品庫存(cun)積壓。由此可(ke)見(jian),在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)糧食結構(gou)型產(chan)(chan)能過剩問(wen)題是(shi)(shi)既成(cheng)事實。 2.3進口糧依存度漸漲 盡管在(zai)我國(guo)糧(liang)食(shi)總(zong)產值整體持續(xu)升高,但與此同時糧(liang)食(shi)的(de)出(chu)口(kou)量(liang)也在(zai)持續(xu)增長。在(zai)我國(guo)稻子(zi)、麥子(zi)、苞米(mi)三大(da)主糧(liang)的(de)出(chu)口(kou)量(liang)遠超產銷量(liang)。過去兩年中,在(zai)我國(guo)糧(liang)食(shi)出(chu)口(kou)量(liang)有小幅(fu)度起伏轉變,但出(chu)口(kou)量(liang)均在(zai)1億t以上(shang),特別是在(zai)在(zai)2017年創出(chu)低(di)位。2017年在(zai)我國(guo)大(da)米(mi)出(chu)口(kou)量(liang)做到(dao)399萬t,麥子(zi)出(chu)口(kou)量(liang)做到(dao)430萬t,麥籽進口(kou)886萬t,相(xiang)比于前兩年翻(fan)了好幾番[2]。在(zai)生(sheng)產量(liang)升高的(de)與此同時,糧(liang)食(shi)空缺也隨著擴大(da)。這(zhe)也預兆著在(zai)我國(guo)正方(fang)向農業產品進口(kou)國(guo)變化。 3耕(geng)地變化規律(lv)對糧食生產制造的危害 3.1耕地(di)非生(sheng)物肥料(liao)下的糧食生(sheng)產(chan)制(zhi)造 伴隨著(zhu)現代化和都市(shi)化推動,耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)非(fei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)變成(cheng)該(gai)過程中不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)忽視(shi)的(de)(de)(de)問題。耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)非(fei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)同時歸納(na)為兩層面,一(yi)(yi)是耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總面積,二是耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)品(pin)質。在(zai)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總面積上,耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)非(fei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)代表著(zhu)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)被(bei)占(zhan)有(you)(you)。而(er)(er)(er)在(zai)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)品(pin)質層面,盡管有(you)(you)政策支(zhi)持———“占(zhan)優勢(shi)補優”,可(ke)(ke)(ke)一(yi)(yi)般被(bei)占(zhan)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)都坐落于城郊,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)平坦且土(tu)壤層耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)水準高(gao)。而(er)(er)(er)填補進(jin)去的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源多見剛開(kai)展(zhan)過土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)復墾梳理,管理方法和資(zi)金(jin)投入相較(jiao)前面一(yi)(yi)種更顯(xian)欠缺,耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)品(pin)質不(bu)盡人意[3]。從糧食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)函數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)角度(du)觀察,可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)把耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)品(pin)質當做糧食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)函數(shu)中的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種相近技術性資(zi)金(jin)投入因素(su)(su),危害糧食(shi)單產(chan)(chan),進(jin)而(er)(er)(er)使(shi)糧食(shi)總產(chan)(chan)值左右變化。由圖1可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)清晰地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)看得出,伴隨著(zhu)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)品(pin)質升高(gao),在(zai)別的(de)(de)(de)因素(su)(su)標準不(bu)會改變的(de)(de)(de)情形(xing)下,糧食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)函數(shu)移(yi)位(wei),糧食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)提升;相反,糧食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)函數(shu)下沉,糧食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)減少。從而(er)(er)(er)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)顯(xian)著(zhu)得到,耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)非(fei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)與糧食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)呈成(cheng)反比。 3.2耕地資源與糧食生產量的室內(nei)空間轉變 依據自(zi)然地(di)理基(ji)本(ben)國(guo)(guo)情(qing)檢測(ce)云服務平臺2012—2016年土地(di)資源利用布局圖可以看(kan)得出在(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)耕(geng)地(di)總面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)室(shi)內(nei)空間(jian)(jian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian),耕(geng)地(di)總面積(ji)降(jiang)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)城市絕大(da)多數為(wei)經濟發展比(bi)較發達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東部地(di)區(qu),耕(geng)地(di)總面積(ji)向在(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)華(hua)(hua)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)新疆省(sheng)、內(nei)蒙古自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)推動。再觀在(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)這個(ge)時間(jian)(jian)范圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)量(liang)室(shi)內(nei)空間(jian)(jian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)沿海地(di)區(qu)比(bi)較發達地(di)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)量(liang)呈下降(jiang)趨勢,華(hua)(hua)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)糧食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)量(liang)持(chi)續(xu)飆(biao)升,慢慢變(bian)(bian)成在(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)糧食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)制造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砥柱(zhu)中(zhong)流。在(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)糧食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)室(shi)內(nei)空間(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)動與(yu)耕(geng)地(di)總面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)室(shi)內(nei)空間(jian)(jian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)大(da)概(gai)具(ju)備(bei)同抗逆(ni)性,整體挪動方位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新趨勢是“北(bei)進中(zhong)移”。因為(wei)糧食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)量(liang)受規(gui)章制度、氣侯等各種原因相互(hu)危(wei)害,與(yu)耕(geng)地(di)總面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)具(ju)備(bei)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異。 3.3耕地質量等級空間布局對糧食(shi)生產制造的危害 在我(wo)國(guo)為(wei)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)劃了15個質(zhi)量等級(ji)規范,在其中(zhong)一等耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)糧食利用效(xiao)率較(jiao)大。整體耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量等級(ji)排行前(qian)三位的地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)分別是長江中(zhong)下游地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)區(qu)、華南區(qu)、江南區(qu);排行后三位的地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)各自為(wei)黃土高(gao)原地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)區(qu)、云貴高(gao)原區(qu)、內蒙(meng)古高(gao)原區(qu)。在我(wo)國(guo)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)品質(zhi)趨勢分析是由(you)東南方向大西北下降。一等地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)通(tong)常遍布在經濟發展飛速(su)(su)發展的地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu),這(zhe)種(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu)的氣(qi)候條件十(shi)分適合農(nong)業。但這(zhe)種(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu)的耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總面積(ji)(ji)僅(jin)占整體的一小部分,而(er)且(qie)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下降速(su)(su)度在逐(zhu)漸(jian)提升。低劣地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的總面積(ji)(ji)占了絕大多數,造(zao)成在我(wo)國(guo)糧食生(sheng)產制造(zao)室內空間(jian)供求徹(che)底不配對[4]。 4防范措施提議 4.1提(ti)升耕地占補(bu)平衡措(cuo)施 耕(geng)地(di)(di)占(zhan)補(bu)(bu)平衡是在(zai)我國(guo)恪守耕(geng)地(di)(di)底線總體目(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)關鍵發(fa)展戰(zhan)略措施之一。實(shi)(shi)際(ji)上(shang),讓填(tian)補(bu)(bu)進去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)質量(liang)做到占(zhan)有土地(di)(di)質量(liang)水(shui)準(zhun),在(zai)實(shi)(shi)質上(shang)完成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)可能幾(ji)乎為(wei)零。為(wei)了更(geng)好地(di)(di)盡可能完成(cheng)糧(liang)食品(pin)質的(de)(de)(de)均衡,要(yao)嚴(yan)苛落(luo)實(shi)(shi)占(zhan)補(bu)(bu)新政策中“補(bu)(bu)改(gai)融合(he)”方(fang)法;盡量(liang)不占(zhan)或是少占(zhan)土地(di)(di)質量(liang)水(shui)準(zhun)級別高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)耕(geng)地(di)(di);革(ge)除過去(qu)以土地(di)(di)開發(fa)為(wei)主導的(de)(de)(de)核心理念;對填(tian)補(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源增加人力(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源、人力(li)(li)物力(li)(li)項目(mu)投資(zi)(zi)(zi),根據后天(tian)性(xing)高(gao)品(pin)質的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)投入來填(tian)補(bu)(bu)先(xian)天(tian)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)不夠[5]。 4.2大力推動(dong)土壤污染防治(zhi) 耕地(di)品質下降最(zui)首要的(de)因素之一是土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)嚴(yan)重危害(hai)著在我國糧(liang)食安(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)。在我國有關部門應(ying)趕(gan)緊健全(quan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)調研與點評(ping)體制(zhi),開展全(quan)國各地(di)范疇內的(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)調查,查清、查明土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)的(de)根源,綜合性(xing)(xing)整頓已被破(po)壞的(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)層,嚴(yan)格(ge)執行(xing)、實(shi)行(xing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)防(fang)治的(de)最(zui)新法(fa)律法(fa)規。在城(cheng)鎮建設規劃中(zhong),把生(sheng)態保護擺在首位(wei),針對嚴(yan)重污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)工業生(sheng)產禁(jin)止準許(xu),創(chuang)建問責制(zhi)度,常備(bei)不懈土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)。 4.3讓(rang)科學種田變成常態化 充足發掘(jue)耕(geng)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)性生(sheng)產效率,因時制宜地(di)(di)種(zhong)植農(nong)作(zuo)物。切(qie)合(he)(he)自然法則,以不毀(hui)壞生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境保(bao)護為(wei)前提(ti)條件,增加科技進步的(de)(de)資金投入,發掘(jue)耕(geng)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)性生(sheng)產效率。在(zai)(zai)我國將每一年的(de)(de)6月25日(ri)明確為(wei)“土(tu)地(di)(di)資源(yuan)日(ri)”,政府部(bu)門(men)可(ke)(ke)根據該類的(de)(de)宣傳活動向(xiang)農(nong)戶(hu)普及(ji)化耕(geng)地(di)(di)專(zhuan)業知識,在(zai)(zai)耳(er)濡目染(ran)中(zhong)推動農(nong)戶(hu)科學(xue)規范種(zhong)地(di)(di)。村委會可(ke)(ke)與(yu)各種(zhong)院校協作(zuo),邀(yao)約權威專(zhuan)家進行培訓機構,實踐活動與(yu)基礎理論緊密結合(he)(he),教給專(zhuan)業技能(neng),具體指(zhi)導(dao)農(nong)戶(hu)科學(xue)規范地(di)(di)運(yun)用肥(fei)料、化肥(fei)。 4.4自(zi)主創新(xin)耕(geng)地(di)維護(hu)規章制度 耕(geng)(geng)地(di)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)度是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)土地(di)制(zhi)度的(de)道德(de)底(di)線。中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)對(dui)(dui)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)問題一直維(wei)(wei)(wei)持著十分重視,在遼寧調研時再度注重:“要(yao)(yao)(yao)像維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)大熊貓一樣保(bao)護(hu)(hu)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)”。對(dui)(dui)于此事(shi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)持續(xu)對(dui)(dui)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)度提(ti)升(sheng)自主創(chuang)新,不但談耕(geng)(geng)地(di)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu),還需要(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)升(sheng)原來的(de)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)束縛,統籌兼顧地(di)區(qu)的(de)社(she)會(hui)經濟(ji)權益與(yu)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu),在耕(geng)(geng)地(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)中(zhong)(zhong)引入市場(chang)經濟(ji)體制(zhi),創(chuang)建耕(geng)(geng)地(di)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)與(yu)是(shi)社(she)會(hui)經濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)穩步發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)常態化,為耕(geng)(geng)地(di)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)度加上新魅力。 |